Which organelle is referred to as the powerhouse of the cell?

The mitochondria are referred to as the powerhouse of the cell because they are primarily responsible for producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the main energy currency in cells. This process occurs through cellular respiration, where glucose and other nutrients are converted into ATP in the presence of oxygen. Mitochondria contain their own DNA and have a double membrane structure, which is unique among organelles. The inner membrane is highly folded into structures called cristae, which increase the surface area available for the biochemical reactions involved in ATP production. The efficiency of mitochondria in generating energy is essential for powering various cellular functions, making them crucial for the cell's vitality and overall metabolism.