What is the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy called?

The process by which plants convert sunlight into energy is called photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, plants use chlorophyll in their leaves to capture sunlight, which then powers the conversion of carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil into glucose and oxygen. This is a vital process not only for the plants themselves but also for the environment, as it produces oxygen that is essential for most living organisms and serves as the foundation of the food chain.

In photosynthesis, the energy stored in glucose can later be used by the plant for growth, development, and other metabolic processes. This process occurs mainly in the chloroplasts of plant cells and involves a series of complex reactions, primarily during daylight hours when sunlight is available. The importance of photosynthesis cannot be overemphasized, as it is crucial for sustaining life on Earth by providing energy and oxygen.