What is genetic profiling?

Genetic profiling refers to the process by which an individual's unique DNA characteristics are analyzed and identified, making use of specific regions of the DNA that vary greatly among individuals. The correct choice highlights that DNA is cut into short pieces, typically using restriction enzymes, and then these fragments are separated using techniques such as gel electrophoresis. This process results in a pattern of bands that can be visualized and compared among different samples.

The significance of this technique lies in its applications in areas such as forensic science, paternity testing, and genetic diversity studies. Each person's DNA will produce a unique banding pattern, which is why genetic profiling is a powerful tool for identification and comparison.

Other options describe different processes related to genetics. Creating new DNA sequences implies genetic engineering, which is different from profiling as it involves modifications rather than analysis. The mention of cloning pertains to duplicating DNA, which again is a distinct process from profiling. Lastly, artificial synthesis of DNA sequences suggests constructing DNA in a lab setting rather than analyzing existing DNA samples, thus deviating from the concept of genetic profiling.