What is cystic fibrosis primarily caused by?

Study for the WJEC Biology Exam. Use flashcards and multiple choice questions, hints and explanations included. Prepare effectively for your exam!

Cystic fibrosis is primarily caused by a mutation in the gene responsible for producing a protein called cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). This protein plays a crucial role in regulating the movement of chloride ions across epithelial cell membranes, which is essential for maintaining the proper viscosity of mucus in various organs, particularly the lungs and pancreas.

When there is a change in the gene controlling mucus production, the CFTR protein does not function correctly, leading to the production of thick and sticky mucus. This accumulation of mucus causes blockages and malfunctions in the respiratory and digestive systems, resulting in the characteristic symptoms of cystic fibrosis, such as chronic lung infections, difficulty breathing, and digestive issues.

This understanding aligns with the nature of cystic fibrosis being a genetic disorder, firmly establishing why the first answer about a genetic change is the correct one. Other options such as environmental factors, chromosomal aberrations, or viral infections do not accurately represent the primary cause of cystic fibrosis.

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