What is a mutation?

A mutation refers to a change in the DNA sequence of an organism. This can occur in various ways, such as through the alteration of a single nucleotide pair or through larger-scale changes that may affect an entire region of a chromosome. Mutations can arise due to errors during DNA replication, external factors such as radiation, or even viral infections.

Molecularly, mutations can lead to changes in the structure of proteins, potentially affecting the traits of an organism. Some mutations can be neutral, having no effect on the organism, while others can be beneficial or detrimental, influencing the organism's survival and reproduction.

Understanding mutations is crucial in the context of genetics, evolution, and various fields such as medicine, where they can play a role in cancer development and the response to medications.