What does variation within a population contribute to?

Variation within a population plays a critical role in natural selection and adaptation. This diversity among individuals means that some possess traits that may make them better suited for survival in their specific environments. When environmental pressures are present—such as changes in climate, availability of resources, or the presence of predators—those individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce. Over time, these traits become more common in the population, leading to adaptation.

Natural selection acts on the variation within a population, allowing species to evolve and thrive in changing conditions. This process is fundamental to the theory of evolution, as it explains how species can change over generations in response to their environment. Therefore, variation is essential for a population's resilience and ability to adapt to new challenges, enhancing its overall chances of survival.