What do both plants and animals primarily compete for?

Both plants and animals primarily compete for several essential resources to survive and thrive, which is why the choice encompassing all of these factors is the correct answer.

Plants compete for nutrient resources such as minerals, water, and sunlight, as these are crucial for photosynthesis and overall growth. Animals, on the other hand, compete for food sources, water, and living space to ensure they have enough energy and resources to reproduce and maintain their health.

In ecosystems, the competition can manifest in various ways. Plants might compete for light by growing taller or spreading their leaves to capture more sunlight, while animals may establish territories or engage in behaviors to secure food and water sources. Since both groups engage in competition for these fundamental resources—nutrients, space, light, food, and water—selecting the comprehensive option is justified because it acknowledges the multitude of factors that influence survival in both kingdoms.