What components make up genotypes?

The correct component that makes up genotypes is the two alleles present in an organism. Genotype refers specifically to the genetic constitution of an individual, which is represented by the specific alleles inherited from each parent. Each organism has two alleles for every gene—one inherited from the mother and one from the father. These alleles can either be identical (homozygous) or different (heterozygous), and they determine the organism's genetic makeup.

Understanding genotypes is crucial, as they influence phenotypes, which are the observable characteristics or traits of an organism. However, genotypes themselves are not defined by physical traits, visible characteristics, or the expressions of dominant and recessive traits alone; rather, they are the actual allelic combinations present at specific gene loci. This clarification highlights the fundamental role of alleles in defining an organism's genetic identity.