How does temperature generally affect enzyme activity?

Enzyme activity is significantly influenced by temperature, and the correct option reflects this relationship accurately. Enzymes function optimally at specific temperatures, typically around the organism's normal physiological temperature. As the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the enzyme and substrate molecules rises, leading to more frequent and successful collisions between them. This generally results in an increase in the rate of reaction, as more enzyme-substrate complexes are formed.

However, this increase continues only up to a certain temperature, known as the optimal temperature. Beyond this point, the enzyme's structure begins to denature—meaning that the active site alters, and the enzyme loses its functionality. This denaturation causes the rate of reaction to decline as the temperature continues to rise. Therefore, while temperature can enhance enzyme activity to a point, excessive heat ultimately results in a decrease in activity.

This detailed interaction between temperature and enzyme activity highlights the importance of maintaining appropriate thermal conditions for optimal metabolic processes.