How does a hypothesis differ from a theory in science?

A hypothesis serves as a foundational step in the scientific method; it is a testable statement or prediction that can be investigated through experimentation and observation. This means that a hypothesis is formulated based on existing knowledge and observations but has not yet undergone extensive testing or validation.

On the other hand, a theory is a comprehensive explanation of some aspect of the natural world that has been substantiated through a significant amount of empirical evidence and testing over time. Theories draw from multiple hypotheses that have been repeatedly tested and confirmed, leading to a greater understanding of the subject matter.

This distinction highlights that while a hypothesis is an initial statement requiring testing, a theory represents a broader understanding backed by substantial evidence that has stood the test of time in the scientific community. Thus, the correct answer accurately reflects this critical difference between a hypothesis and a theory in scientific discourse.