How do abiotic factors relate to ecosystems?

Abiotic factors are the non-living components of an ecosystem, such as temperature, water, light, and minerals. Their relationship with ecosystems is critical because they interact with biotic factors—such as plants, animals, and microorganisms—to influence the overall health and dynamics of the ecosystem. For example, the availability of water (an abiotic factor) directly affects plant growth, which in turn influences the animal species that depend on those plants for food and habitat.

This interaction is essential for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem stability. A change in abiotic factors, such as a drought or temperature shift, can lead to significant changes in biotic populations and their interactions, demonstrating why abiotic factors are fundamental to understanding ecosystem functioning and the consequences of environmental changes.